From：M_Studio Unity2D教程《Robbie》
导入预制素材
导入Assets文件夹
| _Extended |
Addons |
Gizmos |
VFX |
| 额外扩展包，包含预制（Prefabs） |
2D插件 |
CinemaChine摄像机插件 |
视觉特效 |
Tilemap
TilePalette
- windows -> 2D -> TilePalette(瓦片调色)
Hierarchy窗口显示-> 2D -> Tilemap
在对应 Tilemap 上绘制需要 TilePalette 对应绘画内容 Active Tilemap
背景 Tilemap 叠加透明 Tilemap 需要Active Tilemap对应层（如 platform 上叠加 shadow）
Shorting Layer
选中Hierarchy窗口中Tilemap对象，Inspector -> Tilemap Renderer
Order in Layer：同一个Shorting Layer，数值越大越在前面
Tilemap(Rule Tile)
Tiles 文件夹 create -> Tile插件 -> Rule Tile
新建的 Rule Tile（BG Details）拖至 TilePalette，绘制背景可以自动填充
转角的设置x的位置就是转角位置
绘制：B
擦除：连按shift
自制笔刷
Prob文件夹 -> 右键新建Brushes -> Prefab Brush
修改 Tile Palette 的笔刷，可以将自制图形按网格刷到图中
物理碰撞
产生碰撞的条件
- 双方有碰撞器（Collider），一方有刚体（Rigidbody）
- 触发器（Is Trigger）是Collider的一个属性，Is Trigger = true 发生碰撞
Collider
碰撞器，用于定义需要进行物理碰撞的GameObject的形状
Tilemap具有自己的碰撞器 Tilemap collider 2D，Inspector -> Component
Composite Collider
Rigidbody
Body Type
| Dynamic（动态刚体） | Kinematic（运动学刚体） | Static（静止刚体） |
| :—————————————- | ———————————- | ————————— |
| 用于模拟运动，具有质量和阻力 | 在无重力质量影响下移动 | 静止刚体，无位移 |
属性设定：collision Detection 选择 Continuous 连续判断是否碰撞
Interpolate 选择 Interpolate 碰撞产生微小形变
Constraints z轴固定使碰撞后z轴不发生变化
碰撞摩擦力
Collider 添加物理材质，可以修改物理材质的摩擦力数值，置0为无摩擦力
图层
用于代码判断Player、Enemy、Platform等，注意修改
移动
获取刚体、碰撞体
控制地上移动的函数，按键—左右：Horizontal
角色面向：vilocity scale
参数：角色移动速度—数值，数值基本都是浮点型
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void GroundMovent()
{
xVelocity = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
rb.velocity = new Vector2(xVelocity * Speed, rb.velocity.y);
}
void FilpDirection()
{
if (xVelocity < 0)
transform.localScale = new Vector2(-1, 1);
if (xVelocity > 0)
transform.localScale = new Vector2(1, 1);
}
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void GroundMovent()
{
if (Input.GetButton("Crouch") && !isCrouch && isOnGround)
Crouch();
else if (!Input.GetButtonDown("Crouch") && isCrouch && !isHeadBlocked)
StandUp();
else if (!isCrouch && isOnGround)
StandUp();
if (isCrouch)
xVelocity /= crouchSpeedDivisor;
xVelocity = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
rb.velocity = new Vector2(xVelocity * Speed, rb.velocity.y);
}
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下蹲
- InputManager—按 Jump 模板新建下蹲系统按键设置
下蹲的移动速度—减慢
下蹲状态碰撞体 y 轴减半
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colliderStandSize = coll.size;
colliderStandOffset = coll.offset;
colliderCrouchSize = new Vector2(coll.size.x, colliderStandSize.y / 2f);
colliderCrouchOffset = new Vector2(coll.offset.x, colliderStandOffset.y / 2f);
void Crouch()
{
isCrouch = true;
coll.size = colliderCrouchSize;
coll.offset = colliderCrouchOffset;
}
void StandUp()
{
isCrouch = false;
coll.size = colliderStandSize;
coll.offset = colliderStandOffset
}
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跳跃
按键参数设置
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jumpPressed = Input.GetButtonDown("Jump");
jumpHeld = Input.GetButton("Jump");
crouchHeld = Input.GetButton("Crouch");
crouchPressed = Input.GetButtonDown("Crouch");
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Application.targetFrameRate = 50;
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void MidAirMovement()
{
if (jumpPressed && isOnGround && !isJump)
{
if (isCrouch && isOnGround)
{
StandUp();
rb.AddForce(new Vector2(0f, crouchJumpBoost), ForceMode2D.Impulse);
}
isOnGround = false;
isJump = true;
jumpTime = Time.time + jumpHoldDuration;
rb.AddForce(new Vector2(0f, jumpForce), ForceMode2D.Impulse);
}
else if(isJump)
{
if (jumpHeld)
rb.AddForce(new Vector2(0f, jumpHoldForce), ForceMode2D.Impulse);
if (jumpTime < Time.time)
isJump = false;
}
}
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射线判断碰撞体
需要判断双腿分别是否在地面上，仅用一个GameObject触碰点判断难以实现，设置两个过于繁琐
射线
射线函数
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RaycastHit2D hit = Physics2D.Raycast(pos + offset, rayDirection, length, layer);
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画射线
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| Debug.DrawRay(pos + offset, Vector2.down, Color.red, 0.2f);
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射线功能重载
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RaycastHit2D Raycast(Vector2 offset, Vector2 rayDirection, float length, LayerMask layer)
{
Vector2 pos = transform.position;
RaycastHit2D hit = Physics2D.Raycast(pos + offset, rayDirection, length, layer);
Color color = hit ? Color.red : Color.green;
Debug.DrawRay(pos + offset, rayDirection * length, color);
return hit;
}
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物理环境判断
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void PhysicsCheck()
{
RaycastHit2D leftCheck = Raycast(new Vector2(-footOffset, 0f), Vector2.down, groundDistance, groundLayers);
RaycastHit2D rightCheck = Raycast(new Vector2(footOffset, 0f), Vector2.down, groundDistance, groundLayers);
if (leftCheck || rightCheck)
isOnGround = true;
else isOnGround = false;
RaycastHit2D headCheck = Raycast(new Vector2(0f, coll.size.y), Vector2.up, groundDistance, groundLayers);
if (headCheck)
isHeadBlocked = true;
else
isHeadBlocked = false;
}
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悬挂
悬挂条件
- 头顶无额外平台— ！blockedCheck
- 眼前有其他墙壁— wallCheck
- 角色离墙壁近— wallCheck.distance
- 头di顶超过上方平台— ledgeCheck
悬挂射线检测
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float direction = transform.localScale.x;
Vector2 grabDir = new Vector2(direction, 0f);
RaycastHit2D blockedCheck = Raycast(new Vector2(footOffset * direction, playerHeight), grabDir, grabDistance, groundLayers);
RaycastHit2D wallCheck = Raycast(new Vector2(footOffset * direction, eyeHeight), grabDir, grabDistance, groundLayers);
RaycastHit2D ledgeCheck = Raycast(new Vector2(reachOffset * direction, playerHeight), Vector2.down, grabDistance, groundLayers);
if (!isOnGround && rb.velocity.y < 0f && ledgeCheck && wallCheck && !blockedCheck)
{
Vector3 pos = transform.position;
pos.x += (wallCheck.distance-0.05f) * direction;
pos.y -= ledgeCheck.distance;
transform.position = pos;
rb.bodyType = RigidbodyType2D.Static;
isHanging = true;
}
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悬挂后动作
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if (isHanging)
{
if (jumpPressed)
{
rb.bodyType = RigidbodyType2D.Dynamic;
rb.velocity = new Vector2(rb.velocity.x, hangingJumpForce);
isHanging = false;
}
if (crouchPressed)
{
rb.bodyType = RigidbodyType2D.Dynamic;
isHanging = false;
}
}
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摄像机（Cinemachine）
- Tilemap图层前后关系的设置可以通过transform->position->z轴
相机跟随，添加摄像机插件：Windows -> Package Manager -> Cinemachine
Cinemachine->Body属性设置镜头大小跟踪大小
摄像机边界：
Add Extension - Cinemachine Confiner | 新建GameObject
添加 Polygon Collider 设置为 is Trigger
摄像机焦点会在Polygon Collider边界上移动，大小为Camera Distance
2D灯光效果（法线贴图）
为对象增加材质（纹理，法线贴图），使其可以接受光照
角色法线贴图替换原本GameObject，调整图层
创建点光源：Hierarchy -> create -> light ->pointlight
环境光设置：Windows -> Rendering -> Lighting窗口 -> Environment
角色动画（Blend Tree）
Animator -> Blend Tree
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| public class PlayAnimation : MonoBehaviour
{
Animator anim;
PlayerMovement movement;
Rigidbody2D rb;
int groundID;
int hangingID;
int crouchID;
int speedID;
int fallID;
void Start()
{
anim = GetComponent<Animator>();
movement = GetComponentInParent<PlayerMovement>();
rb = GetComponentInParent<Rigidbody2D>();
groundID = Animator.StringToHash("isOnGround");
hangingID = Animator.StringToHash("isHanging");
crouchID = Animator.StringToHash("isCrouching");
speedID = Animator.StringToHash("speed");
fallID = Animator.StringToHash("verticalVelocity");
}
void Update()
{
anim.SetBool(groundID, movement.isOnGround);
anim.SetFloat(speedID, Mathf.Abs(movement.xVelocity));
anim.SetBool(hangingID, movement.isHanging);
anim.SetBool(crouchID, movement.isCrouch);
anim.SetFloat(fallID, rb.velocity.y);
}
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音效控制（Audio Manager）
Audio Manager
建立AudioManager GameObject和对应脚本控制音效
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| public class AudioManager : MonoBehaviour
{
static AudioManager current;
public AudioClip ambientClip;
AudioSource ambientSource;
private void Awake()
{
if (current != null)
{
Destroy(gameObject);
return;
}
current = this;
DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
ambientSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
StartLevelAudio();
}
void StartLevelAudio()
{
current.ambientSource.clip = current.ambientClip;
current.ambientSource.loop = true;
current.ambientSource.Play();
}
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| public class AudioManager : MonoBehaviour
{
static AudioManager current;
[Header("环境声音")]
public AudioClip ambientClip;
public AudioClip musicClip;
[Header("Robbie音效")]
public AudioClip[] walkStepClips;
public AudioClip[] crouchStepClips;
public AudioClip jumpClip;
public AudioClip jumpVoiceClip;
AudioSource ambientSource;
AudioSource musicSource;
AudioSource fxSource;
AudioSource playSource;
AudioSource voiceSource;
private void Awake()
{
if (current != null)
{
Destroy(gameObject);
return;
}
current = this;
DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
ambientSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
musicSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
fxSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
playSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
voiceSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
StartLevelAudio();
}
void StartLevelAudio()
{
current.ambientSource.clip = current.ambientClip;
current.ambientSource.loop = true;
current.ambientSource.Play();
current.musicSource.clip = current.musicClip;
current.musicSource.loop = true;
current.musicSource.Play();
}
static public void PlayFootstepAudio()
{
int index = Random.Range(0, current.walkStepClips.Length);
current.playSource.clip = current.walkStepClips[index];
current.playSource.Play();
}
static public void PlayCrouchFootstepAudio()
{
int index = Random.Range(0, current.crouchStepClips.Length);
current.playSource.clip = current.crouchStepClips[index];
current.playSource.Play();
}
static public void PlayJumpAudio()
{
current.playSource.clip = current.jumpClip;
current.playSource.Play();
current.voiceSource.clip = current.jumpVoiceClip;
current.voiceSource.Play();
}
}
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音效延迟播放
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| current.fxSource.PlayDelayed(1f)
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Audio Mixer
- 调整每个声音的效果 window -> Audio -> Audio Mixer
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public AudioMixerGroup ambientGroup;
ambientSource.outputAudioMixerGroup = ambientGroup;
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- play过程保存设置：Edit in Play Mode
视觉效果（Post Processing）
- Main Camera -> Post-processing Layers 在所选 layers 上增加特效
新建一个 GameObject 作为 Layer，增加 Post-processing Volume
并修改layer Profile选择特效
添加后无效果解决方法：
Edit > Projec Settings / Player / Other Settings 下的 Color Space 设置为 Linear
导出到移动设置时，Post Processing 会影响效果，有Fast Mode适用于移动设备
相机抖动（Camera Shake）
每次收集宝珠执行震动（player 碰撞 orb）
Camera 添加 Cinemachine Impulse Linster
Orb 添加 Cinemachine Collision Impulse Source 并添加Explosion Shake参数
死亡机制（Spikes&Death）
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void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D collision)
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| Instantiate(gameObject, position, rotation)
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| gameObject.SetActive(false);
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| using UnityEngine.SceneManager
SceneManager.LoadScene(SceneManager.GetActiveScene().buildIndex当前编号)
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| public class PlayHealth : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject deathVFXPrefab;
public GameObject deathShadow;
int trapslayer;
void Start()
{
trapslayer = LayerMask.NameToLayer("Traps");
}
private void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D collision)
{
if (collision.gameObject.layer == trapslayer)
{
Instantiate(deathVFXPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation);
Instantiate(deathVFXPrefab, transform.position, Quaternion.Euler(0, 0, Random.Range(-45, 90)));
gameObject.SetActive(false);
AudioManager.PlayDeathAudio();
SceneManager.LoadScene(SceneManager.GetActiveScene().buildIndex);
}
}
}
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收集物品（Collection Orb）
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| public class Orb : MonoBehaviour
{
int player;
public GameObject explosionVFXPrefab;
void Start()
{
player = LayerMask.NameToLayer("Player");
}
private void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D collision)
{
if (collision.gameObject.layer == player)
{
Instantiate(explosionVFXPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation);
gameObject.SetActive(false);
AudioManager.PlayOrbAudio();
}
}
}
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GameManager
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| public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{
static GameManager instance;
SceneFader fader;
List<Orb> orbs;
Door lockedDoor;
float gameTime;
bool gameIsOver = false;
public int deathNum;
private void Awake()
{
if (instance != null)
{
Destroy(gameObject);
return;
}
instance = this;
orbs = new List<Orb>();
DontDestroyOnLoad(this);
}
private void Update()
{
if (gameIsOver) return;
gameTime += Time.deltaTime;
UIManager.UpdateTimeUI(gameTime);
}
public static void RegisterDoor(Door door)
{
instance.lockedDoor = door;
}
public static void RegisterSceneFader(SceneFader obj)
{
instance.fader = obj;
}
public static void RegisterOrb(Orb orb)
{
if (instance == null) return;
if (!instance.orbs.Contains(orb))
{
instance.orbs.Add(orb);
}
UIManager.UpdateOrbUI(instance.orbs.Count);
}
public static void PlayerGrabbedOrb(Orb orb)
{
if (!instance.orbs.Contains(orb))
{
return;
}
instance.orbs.Remove(orb);
if (instance.orbs.Count == 0)
instance.lockedDoor.Open();
UIManager.UpdateOrbUI(instance.orbs.Count);
}
public static void PlayerWon()
{
instance.gameIsOver = true;
UIManager.DisplayGameOver();
AudioManager.PlayerWonAudio();
}
public static bool GameOver()
{
return instance.gameIsOver;
}
public static void PlayerDied()
{
instance.fader.FadeOut();
instance.deathNum++;
UIManager.UpdateDeathUI(instance.deathNum);
instance.Invoke("RestartScene", 1.5f);
}
void RestartScene()
{
instance.orbs.Clear();
SceneManager.LoadScene(SceneManager.GetActiveScene().buildIndex);
}
}
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public class SceneFader : MonoBehaviour
{
Animator anim;
int faderID;
public void Start()
{
anim = GetComponent<Animator>();
faderID = Animator.StringToHash("Fade");
GameManager.RegisterSceneFader(this);
}
public void FadeOut()
{
anim.SetTrigger(faderID);
}
}
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UIManager
场景切换动画先出现，重新加载场景重新出现，cull Transparent mesh关闭
- UI中属性显示的数量都是text类型，数值转文本，不同text接受不同数值输入
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| using TMPro;
public class UIManager : MonoBehaviour
{
static UIManager instance;
public TextMeshProUGUI orbText, timeText, deathText, gameOverText;
public void Awake()
{
if (instance != null)
{
Destroy(gameObject);
return;
}
instance = this;
DontDestroyOnLoad(this);
}
public static void UpdateOrbUI(int orbCout)
{
instance.orbText.text = orbCout.ToString();
}
public static void UpdateDeathUI(int deathCout)
{
instance.deathText.text = deathCout.ToString();
}
public static void UpdateTimeUI(float time)
{
int minuts = (int)(time / 60);
float seconds = time % 60;
instance.timeText.text = minuts.ToString("00") + ":" + seconds.ToString("00");
}
public static void DisplayGameOver()
{
instance.gameOverText.enabled = true;
}
}
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| public static void UpdateTimeUI(float time)
{
int minuts = (int)(time / 60);
float seconds = time % 60;
instance.timeText.text = minuts.ToString("00") + ":" + seconds.ToString("00");
}
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导出
